Category: Uncategorized

Uninterruptible power supplies are electronic devices that provide stable and clean energy in systems operating with alternating current electrical energy, preventing the system from being de-energized in case of interruptions in the mains supply, as well as protecting against voltage fluctuations, high or low voltages, voltage collapses, electrical noise, frequency changes and network harmonics in the network. These are the situations that cause the receivers in the system to malfunction or shorten their service life. In short, the two main tasks of uninterruptible power supplies are protection and redundancy.

Although there have been no large-scale power outages in our country in recent years, sometimes there may be short-term power outages within regional maintenance works. Sometimes there may be power outages in undesirable situations such as snow, rain, storms and floods, lightning strikes on power transmission lines. Again, high voltages experienced at the end of power outages at the moment when the energy is restored to the system through breakers can also cause problems. These power outages lead to labor and material losses if no precautions are taken. In such interruption situations, uninterruptible power supplies feed the receivers until the operation of the generator systems starts.

Uninterruptible power supplies have been used especially in the base stations of mobile operators in cases where it is not possible to install generator systems, where solar charging possibilities are high, and sometimes the main grid supply cannot be delivered through transmission and distribution systems.

In recent years, as a result of almost every business being equipped with IT devices, it has become necessary for these devices (wireless access points, printers, servers, clients) to maintain their services uninterruptedly. Because an instantaneous interruption in these devices can lead to large data losses, which can lead to financial losses. In many other businesses, especially in the health sector, medical devices need to provide uninterrupted service. Likewise, the data centers where web pages are hosted must always be operational.

As a result of these requirements, Uninterruptible Power Supplies have started to be used in military facilities, base stations of mobile operators, hospitals, airports, data centers, important field lighting, department stores, television and radio broadcasting centers, heating and cooling devices, small or large, providing short-time or long-term energy in different powers.

We generally hear the term power electronics in many sectors. Because there are electronic circuits in many sectors and for the purpose of these, the electrical power must be under constant control. Of course, there are many different types of this control. For example, the amount of power from the source can be one of the best examples of this. In addition to these, the comparison of the characteristics of the power coming from the source and the characteristics of high power is also included in power electronics. Arrangements are made accordingly. In other words, the load coming from the AC source frequency is converted to another frequency according to the requirement.

It is necessary to ensure control and increase efficiency in all variations and in the power transferred from the source to the load. If the power transferred is large and the process is inefficient, the losses will be very high. In this case, many problems arise in production. Therefore, from an economic point of view, arrangements need to be made on efficiency and these registers need to be removed from the processing element. This type of control is generally controlled by switching techniques.

In some electronic devices, an on or off state switch is used. In this way, losses can be easily avoided and controls can be made at the same time. Normally, you cannot assign another element to the ideal switch duty in any element. Therefore, it is necessary to make the right choices.

The periods when power electronics started to be actively used are the times of SCR 1957. In these years, especially rectifiers controlled by mercury arc rectifiers have been used in industry for many years. In this way, low and medium voltages became better and gave more efficiency.

Electric current and voltage are used to carry information, but in power electronics the aim is to carry electrical power. Therefore, the main term in power electronics is efficiency. All the rotation processes applied to achieve efficiency involve switching elements such as semiconductors, transistors, thyristors and diodes. These are used to communicate and transmit power in contrast to the systems.

Many different devices are used to save energy. In this sense, devices that regulate the frequency setting in circuits in order to save energy are called inverters. Inverters are all devices that convert alternating current to direct current and direct current to alternating current and have a 3-phase operating system and adjust the voltage and frequencies properly. In simpler terms, inverters convert 12V, 24V and 48V direct current battery voltage into 230V alternating current 50 Hz voltage.

How does an inverter work?

Inverter is also a device used to obtain AC voltage from DC voltage. For example, both inverters and converters are used in uninterruptible UPS sources. First, the AC voltage first comes to the converter and is converted to DC, then the DC signal is converted to AC in the inverter. In this way, 220 volt energy can be obtained from 12 and 24 volt batteries in a place where 220 volt electricity is not available.

Another part you need to know is that inverters do not generate electricity. They draw all the energy they use from the batteries and convert 12 volt direct current to 220 v alternating current. Therefore, the cable on the 12 volt side can be connected close to the battery and this cable can be thick. However, both long and thin cables should be used in the distant part, the 220 volt part.

What Does an Inverter Do?

In general, the inverter feature is that it can adjust the speed between 0.5 and 2000 Hz. In other words, the inverter first straightens the voltages in the networks, filters and cleans all voltage fluctuations, peaks and disturbing electrical fluctuations occurring in the network in capacitors and coils, which are intermediate circuit elements.

This increases energy savings in the devices. Since they have no inrush current, they do not damage the grid in any way and do not work with on/off system. They operate at minimum and maximum intervals. For this reason, they are frequently used.

Today, there are many devices used to use energy more efficiently. One of them is undoubtedly regulators. UPSet regulators are the devices that serve best in this field and in this article we will give detailed information about how these devices work.

What is a Regulator?

Unbalances such as rise and fall occur at certain times in the mains voltage. These imbalances cause loss of efficiency. Here are regulators in devices used to prevent all these unusual imbalances. In other words, it allows to increase efficiency by voltage balancing. It can keep many physical quantities such as frequency, power, pressure, voltage, speed and current constant by changing these values again.

In addition, thanks to the electronic protection system, the regulators electromechanically cut the output voltage in case of drops and rises in voltages other than the setting. It also prevents any damage that may arise from this situation. Therefore, regulators are used in many other networks such as photocopiers, computers, fax, laboratory devices, home and lighting systems.

How Regulators Work?
In the working system of regulators, it is generally a matter of series connection to transformer and sensitive variac systems. These devices, which are boosters, adjust the voltage balancing in the best way. Regulators basically consist of a locator element, a servo motor and an emitter. The types are also complex or simple.

When short-circuited by the load, the regulators provide a path for the large currents to flow. The only shortcoming of simple series regulators is that they cannot respond immediately to these changes. But complex ones do not have this problem. These regulators, known as shunt sensing series regulators, respond instantly to even small changes.
In short, the regulator scheme balances the fluctuations of the voltages caused by changes in the mains voltage or changes in the load impedance and makes them acceptable.

Battery is a shortened form of the word accumulator. A battery is a current collector that converts electrical energy into chemical energy and transfers the stored chemical energy as electrical energy when needed. The general purpose of the battery is to supply the starter motor, direct current circuits, ignition and light receivers.

Batteries come in many different forms. The most commonly used are the 12-volt ones used in gasoline engines. These batteries, which consist of 6 elements in total and are connected to each other in series, consist of 4 positively and 5 negatively charged plates.

The contents of these plates are loaded onto a lead-antimony alloy honeycomb and the active substances are plastered on. Inside the battery is an electrolyte consisting of a mixture of sulfuric acid and pure water. This mixture is approximately 40% acid and 60% water. Thus, the elements are connected to each other in series.

How does an accumulator work?

The purpose of use in batteries with the same working principles is not only starting. There are features such as storage, retrieval and use of electrical energy. There are big differences in the internal structure of batteries used especially in fixed and stationary places for starting and starting purposes. Batteries meet the need without interruption.

When using accumulators, the anode and cathode pole are connected to each other. When the circuit is closed, the reverse of the initial events happens. That is, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy.

During operation, accumulators convert the electrical energy coming from outside into chemical energy and spend this energy by converting it back into electrical energy. In other words, there is a charge-filling and discharge-discharge situation. After the accumulators are charged, they can be used for a certain period of time, i.e. as much as the converted energy inside. Therefore, it is necessary to refill them when the charge is exhausted.

UPS is the name given to all electronic devices that work with electrical load and protect the system from badly loaded changes caused by fluctuations, peaks, long or short-term interruptions that occur or are likely to occur in the networks to which these loads are connected, and ensure that the load operates uninterruptedly in a healthy way.

UPS has 2 different types in terms of their structure. Offline and Online are separated among themselves in these varieties. Online UPSs are grouped into Static and Dynamic UPSs according to their working style. Likewise, Offline ones are divided into Line Interactive and Non-Regulated UPS devices.

Online Devices

1)Static UPS

The basis of this technology is the independent reproduction of the voltage and frequency from the grid. A new sine signal is obtained by the double conversion method. All conversions are AC to DC in the rectifier stage and then DC to AC in the inverter stage. In this way the wave voltage and frequency are separated from the mains voltage and frequency at the UPS input.

2)Dynamic UPS

In this type of UPS devices, apart from the static type UPS features, there is a motor at the output point of the sources. Since there is an output motor, the sinus output is much better. It is possible to see these devices especially in industrial facilities.

OFFLine Devices

1) Unregulated UPS

These devices also supply the load directly to the grid under normal operating conditions. It is simply transferring the load to the mains socket. But in cases such as power outages, the UPS feeds the load from the batteries. For this reason, power failure is not felt. Thanks to the transfer of voltage and frequency from the network directly to the load, only the load feels all disturbances.

2) Line Interactive UPS

In these devices, the mains voltage is rectified and transferred to the load. Apart from this feature, there is nothing different from ordinary offline devices.

Today, we will explain the working principle of UPS, that is, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), which stand out with their savior feature in many working areas.
As a matter of fact, uninterruptible power supplies, which work with the support of a battery, both save time and prevent major losses in many areas. You can protect electronic circuits, systems and small-scale networks with uninterruptible power supplies that are activated in the event of a mains outage or when the voltage rises above or below the specified limits.

The point to remember; and uninterruptible power supplies, also abbreviated as UPS or UPS, are not generators. It saves time during a power outage and protects the system during low or high voltage.

UPS – UPS – Uninterruptible Power Supplies What is the Working Principle?

If you wish, let’s find and examine a diagram about the working principle.

The most important part of a UPS and the part we can characterize as the heart is the battery. At the time of interruption, the energy from the battery is directed to the output and the energy flow continues. Factors such as frequency and fluctuation during interruption or voltage arrival are important points among the basic working principles of the UPS.

Where does the UPS get the electricity it will give during an outage?

UPSs provide the energy that must be used during an outage by charging the battery it contains. They store this energy in line with the voltage coming from the mains line.

UPS – UPS – Is Uninterruptible Power Supplies Necessary? Why are they used?

Actually, we can answer this question with a question: Would you want to lose a document or work that you have worked on for hours on your computer after a simple interruption?
Your answer will of course be no.
UPS – UPS, i.e. Uninterruptible Power Supplies, are highly sensitive devices and act as a savior in case of interruption. All over the world, there is almost no area where electronic systems are not involved. We can do many things over the internet in a short time and spread them over time. At this point, every problem we may experience with the network we are connected to can return as a financial loss. In order to prevent these losses, you can prevent losses by using uninterruptible power supply products.